What is the difference between "shaking" and "stirring" a cocktail?

The distinction between shaking and stirring a cocktail primarily lies in the technique and the resulting effect on the drink. Shaking mixes and chills the ingredients vigorously, incorporating air into the mixture. This aeration can create a frothy texture and introduce a different mouthfeel, making it particularly suitable for cocktails that include ingredients like fruit juices, cream, or egg whites, which benefit from the added texture and dilution.

On the other hand, stirring is a gentler method that combines the ingredients without introducing as much air or creating a frothy layer. This technique is typically used for spirit-forward cocktails, where the goal is to maintain the clarity and viscosity of the liquid while achieving a proper mix and chill. Stirring allows for a smoother, more refined finish to drinks that contain primarily spirits.

Thus, the correct answer highlights the fundamental differences in how shaking and stirring affect the final product's texture, temperature, and appearance.